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Conversation1 听力原文

Listen to part of a conversation between a student and her biology professor.

Professor：So, the assignment is to reproduce one of the animal camouflage experiments we read about in our textbook. Which experiment did you pick?

Student: Well, I was wondering if I can try to reproduce an experiment that’s……kind of the opposite of what was discussed in the textbook?

Professor: So instead of how and why an animal might hide itself, you want to do something about why an animal might want to be seen? Em? Tell me more.

Student: Well, I got the idea from one of the journals you said we should look at. It’s an experiment about ah……they called them eyes bugs in the article?

Professor: Eyes bugs, sure. The patterns on the wings of moths and butterflies that are generally believed to scare off predators because they look like big eyes?

Student: Yeah. Except the article was about the experiment that disputes that  theory.

Professor: Well, we know that the markings do scare the birds but the idea that the spots looked like eyes is……well, that is just a commonly held belief.

Student: So, that’s not even based on research?

Professor: Well, this whole idea of moths and butterfly markings being scary because they looked like eyes, rest on how we imagine the predators, like birds, perceive the markings. And we can never really know that. All we can do is observe bird behavior. But tell me more about the experiment.

Student: Ok. It said the experiment looked at the shapes of the markings on moths’wings. The researchers wanted to know if the markings that were round and eye-shaped were more effective in deterring predators than square and rectangular markings.

Professor: Ok.

Student: Yeah. So they attached food to paper models of moths with different shaped marks   drawn on the wings to see how birds reacted. And what’s interesting is they realized the round marks were not more effective in scaring bird than other shapes.

Professor: Were they less effective?

Student: No, they were about the same. But what researchers did determine is that larger markings were more effective than smaller markings in scaring off prey. They call this phenomenon “visual aliveness”.

Professor: Visual aliveness. Um. Well, I guess that it is not all that shocking if you think about it.

Student: So anyway, is it ok? Can I repeat this experiment and write about it? Professor: Yes, I think that’ll work. The problem I proceed is……well……where? This is an urban campus; you’ll have a hard time finding a good place to set up the experiment.

Student: Oh, I wasn’t planning on doing it on campus. I’m going home for spring break and my family lives in the country, far from the near city. I can set it up in the backyard.

Professor: Good idea. Except one week is not a lot of time, so you will need to make some  adjustments to have enough data.  I’d set up the experiment near bird feeder and get in as much observation time as you can.

题目

1.Why does the student talk with the professor?

A.She wants permission to revise an experiment that she conducted earlier.

B.She has a question about the findings of an experiment in the textbook.

C.She wants to reproduce an experiment that is not in the textbook.

D.She would like some advice about how to study butterfly and moth behavior.

2.What does the professor say is a common assumption about certain markings on butterfly and moth wings?

A.That the markings are usually hidden from view.

B.That the markings attract some kinds of birds more than others.

C.That some birds perceive the markings as large eyes.

D.That butterflies and moths use the markings to attract mates.

3.What were the results of the experiment that the student describes? Click on 2 answers.

A.Birds reacted to round markings the same way they reacted to square markings.

B.Large markings scared birds more than small markings did.

C.Most birds ignored markings that looked like eyes.

D.Birds were attracted to more colorful markings.

4.Why does the professor mention a bird feeder?

A.To suggest a strategy that may help the student carry out her task successful.

B.To recommend a place on campus that is suitable for the student’s project.

C.To discuss another experiment that has yielded surprising results.

D.To point out a problem in the design of the original experiment.

5.What can be inferred about the student when she says this:

A.She is skeptical about what the professor just told her.

B.She just realized that she designed her experiment incorrectly.

C.She is worried that she misunderstood something that she read.

D.She had assumed that there was scientific evidence for the theory.

答案及解析

1.正确答案：C

题目解析：此题原文中出处是：Professor：So, the assignment is to reproduce one of the animal camouflage experiments we read about in our textbook. Which experiment did you pick? Student: Well, I was wondering if I can try to reproduce an experiment that’s……kind of the opposite of what we discussed in the textbook?对话开头学生向老师说明自己不想重复课本上的实验，而是想重复一个和课本内容相反的实验，来征求老师的意见。选项 C 符合。选项 A 说她想为修改一个以前做过的实验来征求老师许可，选项 B 说她对于课本实验的结果有疑问，选项 D 说她想来要一些关于怎么研究蝴蝶和蛾子行为的意见，都不合适。选择 C。

2.正确答案：C

题目解析：此题原文中出处是： Professor: Well, this whole idea moths and butterfly markings being scary because they looked like eyes, rest on how we imagine the predators, like birds, perceive the markings. And we can never really know that. All we can do is to observe bird behavior. But tell me more about the experiment. 这里老师说我们人类之所以认为蛾子和蝴蝶身上的眼睛形状的图案会吓走捕食者，是因为我们觉得鸟类会把这种图案知觉为眼睛形状，这是人们的一个共同的假设，但实际上鸟类会怎么看待这种图案，我们人类是不可能知道的。选项 C 符合。选项 A 说这些图案会隐身，选项 B 说这些图案会吸引某些种类的鸟，选项 D 说蝴蝶和蛾子通过这种图案来求偶，都不符合。选择 C。

3.正确答案：AB

题目解析：此题原文中出处是： Student: Yeah. So they attached food to paper models of moths with different shaped marks drawn on the wings to see how birds reacted. And what’s interesting is they realized the round marks were not more effective in scaring bird than another shapes.   Professor: Were  they less effective?    Student: No, they were about the same. But what researchers did determine is that larger markings were more effective than smaller markings that scaring off prey. They call this phenomenon “visual aliveness”.  这里学生提到了杂志上实验的两个结果：第一是不同形状的图案并不会对吓退鸟类产生不同影响，第二是图案大小会对吓退鸟类的效果有影响。分别对应选项 A 和选项 B。选项 C 说大多数鸟会忽略掉眼睛形状的图案，选项 D 说鸟类会被色彩更多的图案吸引。都不符合原文。双选 AB。

4.正确答案：A

题目解析：此题原文中出处是： Professor: Good idea. Except one week is not a lot of time, so you will need to make some adjustments to have enough data. I’d set up the experiment near bird feeder and get in  as  much  observation  time as you  can. 这里教授提到鸟食器是因为他觉得学生的春假只有一周，可能做实验的时候时间会不够，所以需要改进一下这个实验设置，以在一周之内得到足够数据。而对实验设置的改动之一就是在鸟食器周围进行实验。所以这个策略是为了让学生的实验更容易成功。选项 A 合适。选项 B 说是为了推荐学校里一处适合做实验的地方，选项 C 说是为了讨论另一项有惊人结果的实验，选项 D 说为了指出原始实验里的不足之处，都不符合原文意思。选择 A。

5.正确答案：D

题目解析：此题原文中出处是： Professor: Well, we know that the markings do scare the birds but the idea that the spots looked like eyes is……well, that is just a commonly held belief.       Student: So, that’s not even based on research?  这里重听的是学生反问的一句话，她在惊奇飞蛾通过翅膀上的眼睛图案吓退鸟类的观点居然只是一个人们的共同信念，所以她以前应该一直是认为这个观点是通过正式实验得到的。选项 D 符合。选项 A 说她怀疑教授刚才告诉她的话，选项 B 说她刚刚意识到她实验设计是不对的， 选项 C 说她担心她误解了阅读过的一些东西，都不符合原文。选择 D。