E.g. This approach is considered to be much more effective than the previous one. Mobile telephones are much thinner than they used to be. Australia is a dry continent, second only to Antarctica. Of the various strains of this crop, this new hybrid produces by far the highest yields. Most people studying intelligence and creativity in the new millennium now prefer a broader definition.

Signal Words: 

A. 同级比较Equally; in the same way; likewise, similarly 

B. 比较级：more than， -er than， less than 

C. 变化：change， alter， vary， modify， revise， increase， decrease， enhance， 

diminish，develop， progress， advance， improve， retreat， degenerate， continue， remain 

D. 差异：different， distinguish， separate， same， similar， comparable， compare to

E. 超越：surpass, exceed, excel, over, superior to 

F. 最高级 

1) 本身有最高级含义：maximum, minimum, peak, outstanding, top  

2) 本身程度比较深：amazing, surprising, astonishing, prohibitively high,deeply 

3) 否定+比较=最高级 No one is more outstanding than him. 

G. 表示对比：while, whereas, in comparison

E.g. In recent times, however, that lofty ideal has not always been attained. 

Rather than=rather=instead of=not take responsibility for their weight, obese people have often sought solace in the excuse that they have a slow metabolism. 

Nuclear power supplies 5% of the world’s energy from more than 400 plants. But with the exception of France and Japan, the rich world has stopped ordering new reactors. 

Although the number of libraries multiplied, library users remained few in number until literacy became more widespread during the 18th century. 

While there is now broad agreement about the effects of high-level radiation, there is controversy over the long-term effect of low-level doses.

Signal Words: 

Conversely, admittedly, ironically, however, while, but, although, by contrast, despite, 

even though, in contrast, in spite of, instead of, instead, nevertheless, nonetheless, 

on the other hand, on the contrary, otherwise, though, rather, yet, whereas

Signal Words（因）: 

because、because of、for、as、by、since、in that、on account of、with 果：so、so that、therefore、thereby、as a result、hence、thus、consequently、Accordingly,……

因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外，隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分。

A.  导致(因-果) 

cause、reason、lead to、give rise to、result in、render、make、let、ask、push、stimulate、fuel、produce、tempt、encourage、draw、trigger 

E.g “The increased pressures of expanding population have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and tow are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees.” 

在这段话中，有lead to表示了导致的意思，即结果，而so that更进一步表示了后面的结果，所以可以充分判定这段话有因果关系的逻辑。

B.  由…而来(果-因)

result from、derive from、originate from、initiate from、stem from、be attributable to、attribute to 

E.g“The extreme serious of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected，as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.” 

在这段话中，根据result from可以推断出有因果关系，那如果是解释句子题时，选项中有因果关系就可以优先考虑。 

C.  反映，体现(果-因)

reflect、show、present、demonstrate、suggest、imply

D. 考虑到

given、considering、in view of、thanks to、according to He succeeded thanks to(in view of) his effort.

E. 依赖于

rely on、depend on、resort to 

E.g. “He resorted to books when he had problems.”

F. 条件关系

when、once、as soon as、As long as 

E.g. “As soon as he got the money, he would leave the country at once.”  

G. 分词短语，不定式做状语

E.g. “Failing in the final exam, she cried.”  

A. 显性否定：

no、not、never、nor、none、 neither 

B. 隐性否定：

fail to、refuse、remove、reject、lack of、deprive 

C. 否定前缀：

a-、ab-、dis-、il-、im-、in-、non-、un-否定前缀是词汇题中经常出的一个考点，把握否定前缀可以帮助考生把握一些生词，依靠否定前缀对选项进行一个排除。 

D. 双重否定：

not fail to、not illegal、not uncommon、not unavailable双重否定是英文中经常运用的表达方式，由于在平时中文对话中用的很少，随意对双重否定的把握就显得特别的重要。