在托福考试前夕，同学们的心情都会比较紧张。为了帮助大家缓解紧张的氛围，雷哥托福为大家带来了考前机经，希望通过这些内容的整理和学习，能够帮助大家做好考前冲刺！2018年12月8日托福考试机经，希望考生在得到很好的命中率之余，能够多掌握托福考试真题的答题方法。

阅读机经

1、2015-6-13CN Early Theories of Continental Drift

The idea that the past geography of Earth was different from today is not new. The earliest maps showing the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa probably provided people with the first evidence that continents may have once been joined together, then broken apart and moved to their present positions.

During the late nineteenth century, Austrian geologist Eduard Suess noted the similarities between the Late Paleozoic plant fossils of India, Australia, South Africa, and South America. The plant fossils comprise a unique group of plants that occurs in coal layers just above the glacial deposits on these southern continents. In this book The Face of the Earth (1885), he proposed the name “Gondwanaland” (called Gondwana here) for a supercontinent composed of the aforementioned southern landmasses. Suess thought these southern continents were connected by land bridges over which plants and animals migrated. Thus, in his view, the similarities of fossils on these continents were due to the appearance and disappearance of the connecting land bridges.

The American geologist Frank Taylor published a pamphlet in 1910 presenting his own theory of continental drift. He explained the formation of mountain ranges as a result of the lateral movements of continents. He also envisioned the present-day continents as parts of larger polar continents that eventually broke apart and migrated toward equator after Earth’s rotation was supposedly slowed by gigantic tidal forces. According to Taylor, these tidal forces were generated when Earth’s gravity captured the Moon about 100 million years ago. Although we know that Taylor ‘s explanation of continental drift is incorrect, one of his most significant contributions was his suggestion that the Mid-Atlantic Ridge—an underwater mountain chain discovered by the 1872-1876 British HMS Challenger expeditions—might mark the site at which an ancient continent broke apart, forming the present -day Atlantic Ocean.

However, it is Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist, who is generally credited with developing the hypothesis of continental drift. In his monumental book, The Origin of Continents and Oceans (1915), Wegener proposed that all landmasses were originally united into a single supercontinent that he named “Pangaea.” Wegner portrayed his grand concept of continental movement in a series of maps showing the breakup of Pangaea and the movement of various continents to their present-day locations. What evidence did Wegener use to support his hypothesis of continental drift? First, Wegener noted that the shorelines of continents fit together, forming a large supercontinent and that marine, nonmarine, and glacial rock sequences of Pennsylvanian to Jurassic ages are almost identical for all Gondwana continents, strongly indicating that they were joined together at one time. Furthermore, mountain ranges and glacial deposits seem to match up in such a way that suggests continents could have once been a single landmass. And last, many of the same extinct plant and animal groups are found today on widely separated continents, indicating that the continents must have been in proximity at one time. Wegener argued that this vast amount of evidence from a variety of sources surely indicated the continents must have been close together at one time in the past.

Alexander  Du Toit,  a  South African  geologist was one  of  Wegener’s ardent  supporters.  He noted that fossils of the Permian freshwater reptile “Mesosaurus” occur in rocks of the same age in both Brazil and South Africa. Because the physiology of freshwater and marine animals is completely different, it is hard to imagine how a freshwater reptile could have swum across the Atlantic Ocean and then found a freshwater environment nearly identical to its former habitat. Furthermore, if Mesosaurus could have swum across the ocean, its fossil remains should occur in other localities besides Brazil and South Africa. It is more logical to assume that Mesosaurus lived in lakes in what are now adjacent areas of South America and Africa but were then united in a single continent.

Despite what seemed to be overwhelming evidence presented Wegener and later Du Toit and others, most geologists at the time refused to entertain the idea that the continents might have moved in the past

Paragraph 2

During the late nineteenth century, Austrian geologist Eduard Suess noted the similarities between the Late Paleozoic plant fossils of India, Australia, South Africa, and South America. The plant fossils comprise a unique group of plants that occurs in coal layers just above the glacial deposits on these southern continents. In this book The Face of the Earth (1885), he proposed the name “Gondwanaland” (called Gondwana here) for a supercontinent composed of the aforementioned southern landmasses. Suess thought these southern continents were connected by land bridges over which plants and animals migrated. Thus, in his view, the similarities of fossils on these continents were due to the appearance and disappearance of the connecting land bridges.

1.   According to paragraph 2, Eduard Suess believed that similarities of plant and animal fossils on the southern continents were due to

A.   living in the southern climate

B.   crossing the land bridges

C.   fossilization in the coal layers

D.  movements of the supercontinent Paragraph 3

The American geologist Frank Taylor published a pamphlet in 1910 presenting his own theory of continental drift. He explained the formation of mountain ranges as a result of the lateral movements of continents. He also envisioned the present-day continents as parts of larger polar continents that eventually broke apart and migrated toward equator after Earth’s rotation was supposedly slowed by gigantic  tidal  forces.  According  to  Taylor,  these  tidal  forces  were  generated  when  Earth’s  gravity captured  the  Moon  about  100  million  years  ago.  Although  we  know  that  Taylor’s  explanation  of continental drift is incorrect, one of his most significant contributions was his suggestion that the Mid-Atlantic Ridge—an underwater mountain chain discovered by the 1872-1876 British HMS Challenger expeditions—might mark the site at which an ancient continent broke apart, forming the present -day Atlantic Ocean.

2.   According to paragraph 3, Frank Taylor believed that

A.   present-day continents broke off from larger continents and drifted toward the poles due to tidal forces

B.   the lateral shifting of continents caused the formation of mountain ranges

C.   polar continents began to join together when Earth，s gravity captured the Moon 100 million years ago

D.  Earth，s gravity and speed of rotation created large polar continents

3.   Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?

A.   It was once above sea level.

B.   It formed at the same time that Earth’s gravity captured the Moon.

C.   It was much more extensive when it was first formed than it is today.

D.  It was unknown before the HMS Challenger voyages.

4.   The word “generated” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.   strengthened

B.   released

C.   produced

D.  present Paragraph 4

However, it is Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist, who is generally credited with developing the hypothesis of continental drift. In his monumental book, The Origin of Continents and Oceans (1915), Wegener proposed that all landmasses were originally united into a single supercontinent that he named “Pangaea.” Wegner portrayed his grand concept of continental movement in a series of maps showing the breakup of Pangaea and the movement of various continents to their present-day locations. What evidence did Wegener use to support his hypothesis of continental drift? First, Wegener noted that the shorelines of continents fit together, forming a large supercontinent and that marine, nonmarine, and glacial rock sequences of Pennsylvanian to Jurassic ages are almost identical for all Gondwana continents, strongly indicating that they were joined together at one time. Furthermore, mountain ranges and glacial deposits seem to match up in such a way that suggests continents could have once been a single landmass. And last, many of the same extinct plant and animal groups are found today on widely separated continents, indicating that the continents must have been in proximity at one time. Wegener argued that this vast amount of evidence from a variety of sources surely indicated the continents must have been close together at one time in the past.

5.   The word “monumental” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.   final

B.   persuasive

C.   well-known

D.  great and significant

6.   The word “portrayed” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.   proved

B.   formed

C.   depicted

D.  defended

7.   The word “vast” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.   enormous

B.   significant

C.   convincing

D.  additional

8.   According to paragraph 4, Wegener felt confident that his theory are correct in part because

A.   contemporary scientists were unable to successfully challenge his evidence

B.   many different types of evidence seemed to support his theory

C.   his theory accounted for phenomena that earlier theories could not explain

D.  he had used the most advanced techniques available to gather his evidence

9.   According to paragraph 4, Wegener pointed to all of the following in support of his theory of continental drift EXCEPT:

A.   Plants and animals now living on some continents appear to be descended from plants and animals that originated on other continents.

B.   Rock sequences associated with the continents are extremely similar.

C.   The coastlines of some continents seem to fit together.

D.  Mountains on some continents would be adjacent to mountains on other continents if these continents were joined.

Paragraph 5

Alexander Du Toit, a South African geologist was one of Wegener，s ardent supporters. He noted that fossils of the Permian freshwater reptile “Mesosaurus” occur in rocks of the same age in both Brazil and South Africa. Because the physiology of freshwater and marine animals is completely different, it is hard to imagine how a freshwater reptile could have swum across the Atlantic Ocean and then found a freshwater environment nearly identical to its former habitat. Furthermore, if Mesosaurus could have swum across the ocean, its fossil remains should occur in other localities besides Brazil and South Africa. It is more logical to assume that Mesosaurus lived in lakes in what are now adjacent areas of South America and Africa but were then united in a single continent.

10. Why does the author mention the fact that “the physiology of freshwater and marine animals is completely different” ?

A.   To explain why Du Toit was able to determine that Mesosaurus was a freshwater reptile

B.   To explain why Du Toit concluded that certain fossils in rocks in Brazil and South Africa were those of the same animal

C.   To cast doubt on the idea that Mesosaurus could have swum from one landmass to another

D.  To show Du Toit determined which landmass Mesosaurus originated on

11. The word “logical” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.   satisfactory

B.   modern

C.   reasonable

D.  popular

12. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5 about the Permian Mesosaurus of Brazil and South Africa?

A.   It was the dominant animal in the habitats in which it lived

B.   It lived in similar environments in both places.

C.   It was a weak swimmer compared with other freshwater reptiles.

D.  Its physiology differed from that of modern freshwater reptiles. Paragraph 5

Alexander Du Toit, a South African geologist was one of Wegener，s ardent supporters.  ■  He noted that fossils of the Permian freshwater reptile “Mesosaurus” occur in rocks of the same age in both Brazil and South Africa. ■ Because the physiology of freshwater and marine animals is completely different, it is hard to imagine how a freshwater reptile could have swum across the Atlantic Ocean and then found a freshwater environment nearly identical to its former habitat. ■ Furthermore, if Mesosaurus could have swum across the ocean, its fossil remains should occur in other localities besides Brazil and South Africa. ■ It is more logical to assume that Mesosaurus lived in lakes in what are now adjacent areas of South America and Africa but were then united in a single continent.

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicates where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

In addition to supplying new geological evidence for continental drift, he crafted convincing arguments based on ancient life forms.

Where would the sentence best fit?

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provides below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

Answer Choices

A.   Early maps showing the coastlines of South America and Africa inspired Eduard Suess to search for fossil evidence that today’s southern continents had once been joined in a single landmass.

B.   To Eduard Suess, continental drift accounted for the presence of the same types of fossils on different continents that had at times been connected by land bridges.

C.   Du Toit’s study of the freshwater reptile Mesosaurus added to the already considerable body of evidence that Alfred Wegener had gathered in support of the idea of continental drift.

D.  Frank Taylor expanded on Eduard Suess’s theory of continental drift by arguing that tidal forces 100 million years ago had broken continents apart and caused the rise of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

E.   Alfred Wegener, who first developed the theory of continental drift argued that all landmasses were originally part of a supercontinent that broke up into separate continents.

F.   Early theories of continental drift were not widely accepted at the time because they failed to explain why continents moved.

参考答案： 1-5：BBDCD

6-10：CABAC:

11-13：CBA

14：BCE

解析：

1.【事实信息题】题目问动植物化石的相似性是因为什么，文中提到“the similarities of fossils on these continents could be accounted for by”所以原因是之前有陆桥后来消失了，答案是B。

2.【事实信息题】题目问Frank Taylor的观点，文中提到他的观点是“horizontal displacement”,并在后文提到"as a result of the lateral movements of continents",所以答案是B。

3.【推断题】题目问可以推断出关于Mid-Atlantic Ridge  的什么信息，文中提到“an underwater mountain chain discovered by the 1872-1876 British HMS Challenger expeditions”，1872-1876年间大西洋中脊被发现，也就是在这之前没有，所以答案是D。

4.【词汇题】generate意为“产生”。

5.   【词汇题】monumental意为“不朽的”。

6.   【词汇题】portrayed意为“描绘”。

7.【词汇题】vast意为“大量的，巨大的”。significant有“巨大”之意。

8.【辜实倌悤题】题目问Wegener认为自己的理论正确是因为什么。文中提到“What evidence did Wegener use to support his hypothesis of continental drift?” 并提出了三个理由，因此答案为

B。

9.【否定寧实倌息题】题目问哪一项不能支持Wegener 的理论，BCD都与文中细节相符，A 说某个大陆上的动植物的后代是来自于其他大陆，而文中未提及这样的信息，因此答案是A。

10.【修辞目的题】题目问这句话的作用，文中此句作为原因解释说明了为什么难以想象淡水爬行动物是怎么跨越大洋找到新的栖息地的，因此答案是C。

11.【词汇题】logical意为“合理的”。                                                                                           12.【推断题】题目问可以推断出关于巴西和南非二叠纪中龙的什么信息。文中提到“Mesosaums lived in lakes in what were once adjacent areas of South America and Africa when it was united into a single continent”，所以答案是  B。

13.【句子插入题】插入文本中提到“In addition to supplying new geological evidence for continental drift”上文应提到过地质学方面的依据，因此答案是A。

14【. 信息归类题】本文介绍了几种关于大陆形态演变的理论。A项中所提及时间与题干不符。

D文章中并未提及 10亿年。F文章中并未涉及解释大陆如何移动。A、D、F都是文中未提及的信息，因此答案是BCE。

2、2015-1-31CN     Effects of the Commercial Revolution

In the third and the second millennia B.C. long-distance trade supposedly had the character of an expedition. By the start of the last millennium B.C., however, a new approach to engaging in such trade emerged. Based on the principle of colorization, it was pioneered by the Phoenicians and Greeks, who established colonies along the Mediterranean Sea. The new approach to long-distance trade, known as the commercial revolution, led to changes in a number of political and economic patterns.

For the first time, the planting of colonies in distant lands became possible. The Phoenician settlements in the central and western Mediterranean, such as Carthage, and the slightly later establishment of Greek colonies are early examples, while the settlement of south Arabians in Eritrea around the middle of the last millennium marks the subsequent spread of this sort of commercial consequence to the Horn of Africa. In the third or second millennia B. C., a state such as Egypt might colonize areas outside its heartland, such as Nubia. But this colonization comprised military outposts and ethnic settlements that were planted to hold the contiguous territories of a land empire, not distant localities far separated from the home country.

The commercial revolution constructed the economic basis as well for a new kind of town or city, an urban center that above all serviced trade and was home to the crafts and occupational specializations that went along with commercial development. The urban locations of earlier times commonly drew trade simply because their populations had included a privileged elite of potential consumers. Such towns had arisen in the first place as political and religious centers of the society, they attracted population because power and influence resides there and access to position and wealth could be gained through service to the royal or priestly leadership.

Wherever the effects of the commercial revolution penetrated over the last millennium B. C., kings and emperors increasingly lost their ability to treat trade as a royalty sponsored activity, intended to preserve the commodities of trade as the privileges of immemorial power and position. Instead, their policies shifted toward controlling geographical accessibility to the products of commerce and to ensuring security and other conditions that attracted and enhanced the movement of goods. No longer could kings rely on agriculturally supported and religiously based claims to an ability to protect their lands and people; now they also had to overtly support the material prosperity of their people compared to other societies. And rather than exerting a monopoly over prestige commodities, as had Egyptian kings of the third and second millennia, and redistributing such commodities in ways designed to reinforce the allegiance of their subjects and enhance the awesomeness of their position, rulers turned to the taxation of trade and to the creation and control of currency, more and more relying on duties and other revenues to support the apparatus of the state. It was no historical accident that the first metal coinage in the world began to be made in eighth-century Anatolia (modern Turkey) and that the use of coins rapidly spread with the expanding commercial revolution. The material bases and the legitimizations of state authority as we know them today had begun to take shape.

The commercial revolution tended also to spread a particular pattern of exchange. The early commercial centers of the Mediterranean most characteristically offered manufactured goods—purple dye, metal goods, wine, olive oil, and so forth—for the raw materials or the partially processed natural products of other regions. As the commercial revolution spread, this kind of exchange tended to spread with it, with the recently added areas of commerce providing new kinds of raw materials or new sources for familiar products of the natural world, and the longer established commercial centers—which might themselves have lain at the margins of this transformation—producing, or acting as the intermediaries—producing, or acting as the intermediaries in the transmission of, manufactured commodities. India, for instance, had developed by the turn of the ear into a major exporter of its own cotton textiles, as well as naturally occurring materials, such as gems of various kinds, and at the same time its merchants were the intermediaries of the silk trade.

Paragraph 1

In the third and the second millennia B.C. long-distance trade supposedly had the character of an expedition. By the start of the last millennium B.C., however, a new approach to engaging in such trade emerged. Based on the principle of colonization, it was pioneered by the Phoenicians and Greeks, who established colonies along the Mediterranean Sea. The new approach to long-distance trade, known as the commercial revolution, led to changes in a number of political and economic patterns.

1.   The word “pioneered” in the passage is closet in meaning to

A.   adopted

B.   described

C.   demonstrated

D.  introduced Paragraph 2

For the first time, the planting of colonies in distant lands became possible. The Phoenician settlements in the central and western Mediterranean, such as Carthage, and the slightly later establishment of Greek colonies are early examples, while the settlement of south Arabians in Eritrea around the middle of the last millennium marks the subsequent spread of this sort of commercial consequence to the Horn of Africa. In the third or second millennia B. C., a state such as Egypt might colonize areas outside its heartland, such as Nubia. But this colonization comprised military outposts and ethnic settlements that were planted to hold the contiguous territories of a land empire, not distant localities far separated from the home country.

2.   All of the following groups are mentioned in paragraph 2 as establishing distant trading outposts in the last millennium B. C. EXCEPT

A.   the Greeks

B.   the Egyptians

C.   the Phoenicians

D.  the south Arabians

3.   The word “subsequent” in the passage is closet in meaning to

A.   initial

B.   anticipated

C.   later

D.  increasing

4.   In paragraph 2, why does the author mention the colonization of Nubia by the Egyptians?

A.   To prove that colonization was first carried out by the military

B.   To indicate that Egypt was a major military power in the third and second millennia B. C.

C.   To illustrate how large the geographic area of colonization had become over several millennia

D.  To show that the purpose of colonization during the third and second millennia B. C. differed from that of the last millennium B. C.

5.   The word “comprised” in the passage is closet in meaning to

A.   resulted in

B.   focused on

C.   was inspired by

D.  consisted of Paragraph 3

The commercial revolution constructed the economic basis as well for a new kind of town or city, an urban center that above all serviced trade and was home to the crafts and occupational specializations that went along with commercial development. The urban locations of earlier times commonly drew trade simply because their populations had included privileged elite of potential consumers. Such towns had arisen in the first place as political and religious centers of the society, they attracted population because power and influence resides there and access to position and wealth could be gained through service to the royal or priestly leadership.

6.   According to paragraph 3, before the emergence of the commercial revolution, trade enabled craftspeople and occupational specialists to gain power and influence in society centered on the ruling elite and those groups closely associated with them

was primarily conducted by people serving the royal and religious leadership was a major reason why urban centers were established

Paragraph 4

Wherever the effects of the commercial revolution penetrated over the last millennium B. C., kings and emperors increasingly lost their ability to treat trade as a royalty sponsored activity, intended to preserve the commodities of trade as the privileges of immemorial power and position. Instead, their policies shifted toward controlling geographical accessibility to the products of commerce and to ensuring security and other conditions that attracted and enhanced the movement of goods. No longer could kings rely on agriculturally supported and religiously based claims to an ability to protect their lands and people; now they also had to overtly support the material prosperity of their people compared to other societies. And rather than exerting a monopoly over prestige commodities, as had Egyptian kings of the third and second millennia, and redistributing such commodities in ways designed to reinforce the allegiance of their subjects and enhance the awesomeness of their position, rulers turned to the taxation of trade and to the creation and control of currency, more and more relying on duties and other revenues to support the apparatus of the state. It was no historical accident that the first metal coinage in the world began to be made in eighth-century Anatolia (modern Turkey) and that the use of coins rapidly spread with the expanding commercial revolution. The material bases and the legitimizations of state authority as we know them today had begun to take shape.

7.   The word “enhanced” in the passage is closet in meaning to

A.   improved

B.   influenced

C.   protected

D.  necessitated

8.   The word “reinforce” in the passage is closet in meaning to

A.   demand

B.   strengthen

C.   earn

D.  repay

9.   According to paragraph 4, as the commercial revolution expanded, rulers focused on

A.   taxation and the development and control of money

B.   monopolizing prestige commodities

C.   distributing prestige commodities to ensure the allegiance of their subjects

D.  protecting their land to legitimize their authority

10. What can be inferred from paragraph 4 about Anatolia?

A.   Its merchants specialized in the trading of prestige commodities.

B.   It was the first place to use currency for the taxation of trade.

C.   It contained enormous supplies of metal compared with other states in the region.

D.  Trade remained a royally sponsored activity there long after the emergence of the commercial revolution.

Paragraph 5

The commercial revolution tended also to spread a particular pattern of exchange. The early commercial centers of the Mediterranean most characteristically offered manufactured goods— purple dye, metal goods, wine, olive oil, and so forth—for the raw materials or the partially processed natural products of other regions. As the commercial revolution spread, this kind of exchange tended to spread with it, with the recently added areas of commerce providing new kinds of raw materials or new sources for familiar products of the natural world, and the longer established commercial centers— which might themselves have lain at the margins of this transformation—producing, or acting as the intermediaries in the transmission of, manufactured commodities. India, for instance, had developed by the turn of the era into a major exporter of its own cotton textiles, as well as naturally occurring materials, such as gems of various kinds, and at the same time its merchants were the intermediaries of the silk trade.

11. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A.   During the commercial revolution, newer centers of trade acted as intermediaries in the exchange of different types of manufactured goods.

B.   Longer-established trading centers were familiar with the unprocessed products of the natural world, but depended on other areas as sources for manufactured commodities.

C.   Eventually, the commercial revolution led to a trading system whereby newly established commercial centers provided the resources needed for the production of goods while older trading centers produced the goods or assisted in their distribution.

D.  The commercial revolution depended on a system of trade where consumers valued novelty in the manufactured goods they acquired, but, at the same time, they wanted to be familiar with the natural products they received.

12. Paragraph 5 supports which of the following statements about Indian merchants at the time of the commercial revolution?

A.   They imported cotton, silk, and other high-quality fabrics intended for the Indian market.

B.   They obtained various kinds of gems from intermediaries in the silk trade.

C.   They were simultaneously exporters of manufactured and natural products and intermediaries for goods produced elsewhere.

D.  They created a highly sophisticated textile industry at the same time that they were engaged in the processing of natural products.

Paragraph 3

■  The commercial revolution constructed the economic basis as well for a new kind of town or city, an urban center that above all serviced trade and was home to the crafts and occupational specializations that went along with commercial development. ■The urban locations of earlier times commonly drew trade simply because their populations had included a privileged elite of potential consumers. ■Such towns had arisen in the first place as political and religious centers of the society, they attracted population because power and influence resides there and access to position and wealth could be gained through service to the royal or priestly leadership.

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

It was significantly different from the typical centers that existed before the commercial revolution. Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

Drag your choices to the spaces where they belong. To review the passage, click on View Text.

The commercial revolution of the last millennium B. C. resulted in both political and economic changes.

Answer Choices

A.   New kinds of urban centers emerged that focused on commerce and encouraged craft and occupational specializations.

B.   Rulers in the last millennium began to promote the material prosperity of their people through support and improvement of commerce.

C.   More established commercial centers supplied final products to newer regions in exchange for raw materials.

D.  During the first millennium B. C., new political and religious centers arose that based their power on their ability to protect their lands and people.

E.   The focus on raw materials switched the balance of power from the manufacturing centers to the control of the exporters of the natural products.

F.   Military occupation of neighboring lands became a major means of expanding trade into new territories.

参考答案：

1-5：DBCDD

6-10：BABAB

11-13：CCB

14：ABC

口语机经

1、考题出现时间：2015-1-10NA

题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Building zoos helps to protect animals.Please give your answer with specific examples and details.

2、考题出现时间：2014-11-9CN

题目：Do you agree or disagree with the statement that people from small towns are kinder and more helpful than people in big cities.

3、考题出现时间：2017-3-25CN

题目：Some people prefer sending messages while others prefer ** phone calls directly,which one do you prefer?

4、考题出现时间：2014-8-16CN

题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Playing computer games or video games is a waste of teenagers'time.Please use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

5考题出现时间：2016-8-20CN

题目：Some people prefer to watch ent**ainment TV programs while others prefer to watch educational programs,which do you prefer?why?

6考题出现时间：2014-12-27CN

题目：Some people prefer to collect old things;others prefer to throw things away after they're done with them.Which do you prefer to do?

7考题出现时间：2016-9-25CN

题目：Some people prefer to finish work as soon as possible.Others prefer to wait until the due time or deadline.Which do you prefer and why?

8考题出现时间：2015-8-7NA

题目：Some people prefer to wash dishes by a washing machine.Others prefer to wash dishes by hands.Which way do you prefer and why?

9考题出现时间：2016-9-24CN

题目：Some students prefer to make going to gyms a priority,other student prefer to go to gyms whenever they are free.Which do you prefer?Explain why.

10题出现时间：2016-11-12CN

题目：Which do you prefer:working for others’company or set up your own business?

独立写作机经：

1）The university will spend money on dormitory to improve the life quality of students, which of the following do you think is the best way?

1. providing a room for quiet study;

2. building an exercise room;

3. providing entertainment place(watch film)

2）Which one of the following values is the most important to share with a young child(5-10 years old)?

1.being helpful

2.Being honest

3.Being well organized

3）As a student of university that has a long break between university semesters, the university requires all students to do one of the following for one month during the break:

1、Students must take a course on the subject that has no direct connection to their majors of study ( For example, a student majoring in engineering may take course in fine arts or social science.)

2、Students must volunteer to work in the university’s city or their hometowns to improve some aspects of life of the city or their own town. ( For example, students may help local primary school children with their homework.)

Which one do you think is more beneficial for students in their university? Why?

Given detailed examples and reasons. Use your OWN words, do NOT use memorized examples.

4）Some people think it is the best approach for students to learn if school start the day at an early time in the morning. But someone think the school should start the day at late time. Which one do you prefer? Use specific reasons and detailed examples to support your answer.

5）If you were offered two jobs, one has average paid and you work normal hours (40 hours a week), the other one has much higher salary but you need to work long hours. Which one would you choose? And state your reasons.