很多同学在备考托福的时候,经常在阅读上吃亏,导致得分不高。今天小新就从5个方面教大家如何高效提升托福阅读成绩!
阅读作为输入性考试,对词汇量要求高,尤其是托福阅读词汇题,若只能根据上下文推测答案,正确率将不50%。面对 8000-10000 词汇量要求的托福考试,如果你是零基础的考生,应该先背非学术类的高频词汇,再背常考的学科词汇,如生物类(如vertebrate, extinction)、历史类(如 irrigation, sculpture),然后背次要学科词汇,如天文学(galaxy, comet),最后在有兴趣、有余力的情况下,补充非高频专有名词。此外,背单词忌讳“只背单词”,因为只背单词很无聊,很少有人坚持下去,且机械记忆中文会造成理解上的偏差。你可以通过精读托福阅读文章,结合文本语境,熟悉高频的非学术词汇与常考的学术词汇。最后,背单词不应该过分抠单词的中文字眼,你应关注单词的使用方法与固定搭配,如 consider A B,认为 A 是 B,那么无论阅读文章里的单词如何变化,考生只需找到 AB 对应的信息,就能快速理解。
许多考生在托福阅读中会碰到一种尴尬的状况:单词都认识,我也觉得读懂了,为什么还是做错题?首先要明确,做错题 = 没看懂。阅读作为输入性考试,需要你正确理解作者通过句子表达的信息,这就涉及到拆分长难句。
- 第三层细枝末节:对专有名词的解释等(不是题目的考查点)
如:Nestlings should adjust the intensity of their signals in relation to the signals produced by their nestmates, who are competing for parental attention. Nestlings should adjust the intensity 雏鸟应该调整强度 *the intensity of their signals:它们信号的强度 (介词 of 修饰) *their signals in relation to the signals:与这个信号有关的它们的信号 (介词 in 修饰) *the signals produced by their nestmates:被它们同伴所发出的信号 (-ed 分词修饰,强调被动) *their nestmates who are competing for parental attention:与之竞争父母关注度的同伴(who 从句修饰) 雏鸟应该根据与之竞争父母关注度的同伴所发出的信号去调整自身的信号强度。此外,你也要多积累常见句型,如虚拟语气、倒装句等。
如果你的阅读目标分数是 24+,应关注段落内部和段落之间的逻辑关系,如常见的因果、转折、并列、对比等逻辑,对应到阅读的题型有推断题、句子插入题与修辞目的题,以及最后的 6 选 3 总结题。如:In a countercurrent exchange system, the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels; thus, the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself. This is the same arrangement found in an old fashioned steam radiator, in which the coiled pipes pass heat back and forth as water courses through them. The leatherback is certainly not the only animal with such an arrangement; gulls have a countercurrent exchange in their legs. That is why a gull can stand on an ice floe without freezing.Why does the author mention old-fashioned steam radiator in the discussion of countercurrent exchange systems?A. To argue that a turtle’s central heating system is not as highly evolved as that of other warm blooded animalsB. To provide a useful comparison with which to illustrate how a countercurrent exchange system works C. To suggest that steam radiators were modeled after the sophisticated heating system of turtles D. To establish the importance of the movement of water in countercurrent exchange systems这道题的正确答案为 B。针对这道题,如果你只理解定位并理解题干中的句子,脱离了它与段落的联系,很可能会做错。
题目问到为什么提及“old-fashioned steam radiator”,此时帮助你解题的主要能力就是逻辑能力,“old-fashioned steam radiator”是例子,例子的目的是证明论点,而大部分段落都是总分结构,即先表明论点,再用例子证明,故要往前找答案,所以选 B。
考试时间有限,针对不同的题型,你可以使用对应的解题思路,从而有效提高做题效率与正确率。如题干出现 NOT 或 EXCEPT,则为否定事实信题,可以选择看完题干后先看选项,带着选项关键词回原文扫读,利用排除法快速确定答案。
总结 2022 托福阅读考情,不难看出阅读依旧偏好生物类、历史类的文章,尤其是生物灭绝(如恐龙灭绝)、生物演化、古文明(埃及文明、中国文明等)。
草莓小菇凉:说的非常好,十分有道理,棒棒棒!
06-08 15:44:55