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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.
这是科学美国人60秒科学。我是Steve Mirsky。
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May 18th is the 37th anniversary of the massive explosion of Mount Saint Helens.
5月18日是圣海伦火山爆发37周年。
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But within days of the volcano erupting, the local ecosystem started to bounce back.
但是在火山爆发的几天内，当地的生态系统开始反弹。
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Thanks to some unassuming little animals that spend lots of time underground.
感谢一些不起眼的小动物在地下花了很多时间。
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"The pocket gophers were the ecological heroes of Mount Saint Helens."
“口袋里的地鼠是圣海伦山的生态英雄。”
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Emory University paleontologist and geologist Anthony J.Martin.
埃默里大学古生物学家和地质学家Anthony J.Martin。
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"You normally don't hear those words put together, pocket gopher and hero.
“你通常不会听到这些话放在一起，口袋里的地鼠和英雄。
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But they were...these small burrowing mammals were able to survive this massive, devastating volcanic eruption."
但是他们......这些小型穴居哺乳动物能够在这场巨大的毁灭性火山爆发中幸存下来。“
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Just as numerous animals that live underground have survived catastrophes and predators for hundreds of millions of years.
正如许多生活在地下的动物在灾难和捕食者中幸存了数亿年。
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As Martin discusses in his new book The Evolution Underground: Burrows, Bunkers, and the Marvelous Subterranean World Beneath Our Feet.
正如马丁在他的新书“地下进化：洞穴，碉堡和我们脚下的奇妙地下世界”中所讨论的那样。
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"The reports I was reading about this, about how these researchers in helicopters are flying over the devastated landscape-just a few days later there were the burrow mounds.
“我正在阅读关于这一点的报告，关于直升机上的这些研究人员如何飞越破坏的景观 - 仅仅几天之后就有了洞穴。
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Pop pop pop.
流行流行音乐。
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Thinking about these gophers that were below the ground.
想想这些低于地面的地鼠。
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And they survived that....
他们幸存下来......
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"So that to me was a golden opportunity to talk about that, as this incredible story of survival, but also renewal.
“所以对我而言，这是一个千载难逢的机会，就像这个令人难以置信的生存故事，还有更新。
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That these little burrowing mammals brought back that landscape.
这些小穴居哺乳动物带回了那片风景。
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Because their burrows served first of all as refuge for any other small animals that were there.
因为他们的洞穴首先作为那里的任何其他小动物的避难所。
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So other small mammals and other vertebrates, such as amphibians and reptiles that lived there, they were either in their own burrows or they were in pocket gopher burrows or other small mammal burrows in the area.
因此，其他小型哺乳动物和其他脊椎动物，如生活在那里的两栖动物和爬行动物，它们要么在自己的洞穴中，要么在该地区的口袋地鼠洞穴或其他小型哺乳动物洞穴中。
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"The burrowing also brought up seeds.
“穴居也带来了种子。
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The seeds are already buried, so that caused plants to start sprouting in the area, where it wasn't so much wind-blown seeds...
种子已经埋没了，因此导致植物开始在该地区萌芽，那里没有那么多风吹的种子......
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then of course once other animals started coming back into the area, like elk, and they started dropping seeds through their feces and otherwise affecting the surface ecology, that then worked together to bring those ecosystems back to life.
当然，一旦其他动物开始回到该地区，就像麋鹿一样，他们开始通过粪便滴下种子，否则会影响表面生态，然后共同努力使这些生态系统恢复生机。
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But the gophers were key in this.
但是地鼠是关键。
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They really were essential for these ecosystems to be able to bounce back."
他们真的对这些生态系统能够反弹至关重要。“
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You can hear an extended interview with Martin about his book in a Science Talk podcast posted on our website.
您可以在我们网站上发布的Science Talk播客中听到Martin对他的书的深入访谈。
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And there's a children's book just about the gophers and Mount Saint Helens called Gopher to the Rescue by Terry Jennings.
还有一本关于地鼠和圣海伦山的儿童书，名叫Gopher to Tercue Jennings。
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Finally, for general information about gophers and their effect on landscapes, check out the nature documentary Caddyshack.
最后，有关地鼠的一般信息及其对景观的影响，请查看自然纪录片“Caddyshack”。
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For Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.
对于科学美国人60秒科学。我是Steve Mirsky.